میلیاردها هزینه برای نگهداری اسد

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بلومبرگ

» تحلیل بلومبرگ از هزینه‌های ایران در منطقه

به گفته نماینده سازمان ملل در امور سوریه و کارشناسان دیگر، ایران سالانه میلیاردها دلار برای نگه داشتن بشار اسد بر سر قدرت هزینه می‌کند. این بسیار بیشتر از مقداری است که دولت باراک اوباما ادعا دارد این کشور برای ایجاد آشوب در خاورمیانه خرج می‌کند.

روز دوشنبه، سخنگوی استفان دومیستورا، نماینده سازمان ملل در سوریه گفت، نماینده ویژه تخمین می‌زند که ایران سالانه 6 میلیارد دلار برای دولت اسد هزینه می‌کند. کارشناسان دیگر این مقدار را حتی بیشتر می‌دانند. نادیم شهادی، مدیر مرکز فرس مطالعات شرق مدیترانه در دانشگاه توفتز می‌گوید، تحقیقات او نشان می‌دهد با این‌که ارتباط بانک‌های ایرانی با سیستم مالی بین‌المللی قطع بوده، این کشور در سال‌های ۲۰۱۲ و ۲۰۱۳ بین ۱۴ تا ۱۵ میلیارد دلار کمک نظامی و اقتصادی به دمشق رسانده است.

این ارقام ادعاهای اخیر اوباما و مقامات ارشد دولت را مبنی بر این ‌که ایران پول زیادی برای به چالش کشیدن منافع آمریکا و متحدانش در منطقه خرج نمی‌کند مورد سئوال قرار می‌دهد. در حالیکه دولت آمریکا هرگز برآورد خود را از هزینه‌های ایران در حمایت از سوریه و متحدان دیگرش در خاورمیانه آشکار نکرده است، اما شخص باراک اوباما ابعاد مالی حمایت‌های این رژیم را ناچیز می‌داند.

او در مصاحبه با شبکه دو اسرائیل گفت: “خطر بزرگی که منطقه در مورد ایران با آن روبروست به خاطر پول زیادشان نیست. بودجه نظامی آن‌ها ۱۵ میلیارد دلار در مقابل ۱۵۰ میلیارد دلار کشورهای حاشیه خلیج فارس است.”

اما کارشناسان طور دیگری به مسئله نگاه می‌کنند. کریستین ساینس مانیتور ماه گذشته گزارش داد که میستورا به یک اتاق‌فکر در واشنگتن گفته است، ایران سه برابر بودجه رسمی نظامی خود ـ– سالانه ۳۵ میلیارد دلار ـ– برای حمایت از اسد خرج می‌کند. اما سخنگوی دومیستورا در پاسخ می‌گوید: “نماینده ویژه تخمین می‌زند که ایران سالانه ۶ میلیارد دلار در حمایت از اسد هزینه می‌کند. بنابراین ۶ میلیارد است نه ۳۵ میلیارد دلار.”

به هر حال این رقم زیاد است. بسیاری از اعضای کنگره و متحدان نزدیک آمریکا در خاورمیانه، نگرانی خود را از سرازیر شدن پول به ایران پس از لغو تحریم‌ها ابراز کرده‌اند. اوباما گفته ، حداقل ۱۵۰ میلیارد دلار از پول‌های ایران در بانک‌های خارجی مسدود است. اگر امروز ایران میلیاردها دلار از منابع محدود خود را برای حمایت از نایبان خود خرج می‌کند، پس از لغو تحریم‌ها این مقدار بسیار افزایش خواهد یافت.

دولت اوباما با این موضوع مخالف است و می‌گوید پولی که ایران در منطقه خرج می‌کند آنقدر ناچیز است که پس از لغو تحریم‌ها هم تغییر چندانی در رفتارش ایجاد نخواهد شد. جک لیو، وزیر خزانه‌داری آمریکا در کنفرانسی که توسط اورشلیم پست تدارک دیده شده بود گفت، با این ‌که اقتصاد ایران در سال‌های اخیر آسیب دیده، اما توانسته است سطح “کوچک” حمایت‌های خود از گروه‌های تروریستی و نایبان خود را حفظ کند. وی گفت: “حقیقت تاسف‌آور این است که هزینه این حمایت‌ها کم است و ما باید با یا بدون توافق هسته‌ای هشیار باشیم تا از ابزارهای دیگرمان برای جلوگیری از پول‌رسانی به تروریست‌ها و ایجاد آشوب در منطقه جلوگیری کنیم.”

شهادی و کارشناسان دیگر تصدیق می‌کنند که آمارهایشان تخمینی است، چون ایران گزارش رسمی از بودجه سپاه پاسداران یا سوبسید‌های متحدان خود ارائه نمی‌کند. با این حال، شهادی می‌گوید، حمایت ایران از سوریه هنگفت است، خصوصا از لحاظ اعتبارات، سوبسید‌های نفتی و انواع دیگر کمک‌های اقتصادی.

گزارش هفته گذشته پنتاگون هدف‌های ایران از این هزینه‌ها را به روشنی بیان کرد: “ایران در سال گذشته استراتژی‌های نظامی و امنیت ملی خود را تغییر چندانی نداده است. با این حال، تهران با افزایش روابط دیپلماتیک و کاهش لحن ستیزه جویانه، رفتارش را برای دستیابی به اهداف درازمدت خود تنظیم کرده است.” این گزارش می‌گوید، استراتژی ایران این است که سیستم اسلامی حکومت را حفظ کند و آن را از تهدیدات خارجی مصون بدارد، به شکوفایی اقتصادی برسد و ایران را تبدیل به قدرت برتر منطقه کند.

اگر ایران بتواند به توافق هسته‌ای دست یابد، شاهد ورود پول برای دنبال کردن برنامه منطقه‌ای خود خواهد بود. شهادی می‌گوید: “اوایل دهه ۱۹۹۰ صدام حسین مردمش را قتل عام می‌کرد و ما نگران بازرسان سلاح بودیم. بشار اسد هم همین کار را کرد. ما را مشغول سلاح‌های شیمیایی کرد و مردمش را کشت. ایران ما را با توافق هسته‌ای سرگرم کرده و ما هم در سوریه و منطقه به او مجوز عبور داده‌ایم.”

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/the-real-news-in-iran-tehrans-big-soccer-game/http://online.wsj.com/articles/u-k-foreign-secretary-says-there-is-potential-for-flexibility-in-iran-nuclear-talks-1416575085http://www.theguardian.com/world/iran-blog/2014/nov/18/-sp-iran-sunni-sectarian-problemhttp://www.newsweek.com/carpet-bombing-us-talks-iran-284890http://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/17/world/middleeast/nuclear-deal-with-iran-runs-into-obstacles-.html?_r=0http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iran/11233120/Final-effort-in-US-Iran-nuclear-talks-could-settle-35-years-of-enmity-and-help-defuse-Middle-East.htmlhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-30015464http://online.wsj.com/articles/no-agreement-in-iran-u-s-talks-1415690789http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/jackson-diehl-obamas-bet-on-iran/2014/11/09/72da39ac-65ea-11e4-9fdc-d43b053ecb4d_story.htmlhttp://www.theguardian.com/business/economics-blog/2014/nov/09/us-iran-russia-oil-prices-shalehttp://www.nationalreview.com/article/392268/too-many-carrots-iran-tom-roganhttp://www.foxnews.com/world/2014/11/05/iran-general-shiite-militants-at-forefront-iraq-ground-war-against-is-group/http://www.haaretz.com/news/middle-east/.premium-1.624512http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/oct/31/iran-ayatollah-ali-khamenei-succession-supreme-leaderhttp://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/womens-life/11189577/Hanged-Iranian-womans-final-emotional-message-to-her-mother.htmlhttp://www.wnd.com/2014/10/ex-u-n-inspector-iran-within-months-of-nuke/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/islamic-state/11187774/West-waging-a-CNN-war-in-Syria-as-Isil-makes-gains-in-Iraq.htmlhttp://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2014/10/25/execution-of-iranian-woman/17907371/http://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21628010-their-lot-getting-worse-under-coshhttp://www.reuters.com/article/2014/10/21/iran-oil-prices-idUSL6N0SG3PS20141021http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-29685856http://www.foxnews.com/world/2014/10/20/junk-and-knockoffs-iran-military-weaponry-panned-but-regime-still-formidable/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/10/21/us-iran-nuclear-compromise-idUSKCN0IA0BW20141021http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-29646763http://english.alarabiya.net/en/views/news/middle-east/2014/10/17/Syria-and-Iraq-Iran-s-red-lines.htmlhttp://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/oct/14/suleimani-high-profile-to-publicise-irans-key-anti-isis-rolehttp://www.vox.com/2014/10/14/6975977/which-countries-suffer-most-when-oil-prices-plummethttp://www.latimes.com/world/europe/la-fg-oil-russia-iran-20141014-story.htmlhttp://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/.premium-1.620373http://online.wsj.com/articles/iran-tries-to-open-for-business-1413135020http://blogs.reuters.com/great-debate/2014/10/08/why-iran-u-s-arent-on-quite-the-same-side-in-fight-against-islamic-state/http://www.thenation.com/article/181927/obama-fighting-isis-iran-and-russia-oilhttp://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/10/what-does-a-good-nuclear-deal-with-iran-look-like/381170/http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2014/10/isil-us-intervention-rise-irania-20141017572560286.htmlhttp://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/right-turn/wp/2014/10/06/iran-explosion-an-accident-or-a-reminder/http://rt.com/news/193428-isis-plan-russia-nuclear/http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/iran-frees-wife-of-posts-tehran-correspondent-but-he-remains-in-custody/2014/10/05/608ecece-1495-4468-89b2-2d327c439983_story.htmlhttp://in.reuters.com/article/2014/10/05/iran-succession-idINKCN0HU05A20141005http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/oct/02/nuclear-talks-why-tehran-must-come-in-from-coldhttp://gulfbusiness.com/2014/10/saudi-arabia-fears-yemeni-tumult-may-boost-main-foe-iran/#.VDEFh_ldW_khttp://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/sep/30/may-iran-takes-advantage-of-the-focus-on-isis/?utm_source=RSS_Feed&utm_medium=RSShttp://uk.reuters.com/article/2014/09/30/asia-iran-crude-idUKL3N0RU1IJ20140930http://www.newsweek.com/iran-says-its-willing-fight-isis-price-273939http://online.wsj.com/articles/iran-makes-the-rules-1411944618http://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/27/opinion/impasse-over-irans-nuclear-program.html?_r=0http://online.wsj.com/articles/irans-president-criticizes-allied-bombing-in-syria-1411476268http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/sep/22/iran-saudi-arabia-talks-thaw-relationshttp://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/22/us/familys-video-appeals-to-iran-for-release-of-american.html?_r=0http://www.dailystar.com.lb/Opinion/Editorial/2014/Sep-20271302-persian-pretense.ashx#axzz3DwDOsC2mhttp://www.reuters.com/article/2014/09/21/us-iran-nuclear-exclusive-idUSKBN0HG03T20140921http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/us-led-coalition-seeks-to-exclude-iran-from-fight-against-islamic-state/2014/09/13/71193e8a-3b4a-11e4-a023-1d61f7f31a05_story.htmlhttp://www.dailystar.com.lb/Opinion/Commentary/2014/Sep-15270658-irans-culture-wars-still-do-matter.ashx#axzz3DNAxVcwJhttp://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2014/09/11/what-obama-didnt-say-how-iran-fits-into-islamic-state-f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equation/http://fpif.org/iran-short-honeymoon-media-freedom/http://online.wsj.com/articles/german-businesses-warm-to-iran-1407099835http://www.crescent-online.net/2014/08/irans-quds-force-commander-pledges-total-support-for-gaza-resistance-crescent-onlinenet-4570-articles.htmlhttp://blogs.wsj.com/riskandcompliance/2014/07/31/just-a-hint-of-iran-sanctions-risk-stalls-bank-transactions/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/08/03/iran-goods-idUSL6N0Q758F20140803http://www.latimes.com/world/middleeast/la-fg-obama-advisor-iran-nuclear-20140720-story.htmlhttp://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2014/07/20/iran-nuclear-negotiations-sanctions-editorials-debates/12884821/http://online.wsj.com/articles/michael-hayden-and-evan-bayh-a-doubly-dangerous-iran-1405638861http://globalpublicsquare.blogs.cnn.com/2014/07/19/why-its-right-to-keep-talking-to-iran/http://online.wsj.com/articles/sanctions-nearly-halve-iran-oil-export-revenue-in-two-years-opec-says-1405699476?tesla=y&mg=reno64-wsj&url=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702304223004580037300446967496.html&fpid=2,7,121,122,201,401,641,1009http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/fact-checker/wp/2014/07/18/the-claim-that-sanctions-on-iran-have-cost-the-u-s-175-billion-in-lost-exports/?tid=hpModule_f8335a3c-868c-11e2-9d71-f0feafdd1394http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jul/14/iran-nuclear-talks-kerry-zarif-20-july-deadlinehttp://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2014/Jul-16264043-iran-seeks-nuclear-deadline-extension-us-demands-cuts.ashx#axzz37cQEha2ohttp://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/07/14/iran-sanctions-us-cost_n_5585803.htmlhttp://online.wsj.com/articles/kerry-zarif-seek-to-close-gaps-over-iran-nuclear-deal-1405326530?mod=fox_australianhttp://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/15/world/middleeast/iran-outlines-nuclear-deal-accepts-limit.html?_r=0http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jul/13/five-unresolved-issues-iran-nuclear-programme-vienna-talkshttp://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/a-nuclear-deal-with-iran-should-focus-on-stockpiling-fuel-for-research-not-a-bomb/2014/07/10/1389ae36-06e2-11e4-bbf1-cc51275e7f8f_story.htmlhttp://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/09/world/middleeast/iran-sends-3-attack-planes-to-iraqi-government.html?_r=0http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/right-turn/wp/2014/07/07/countdown-to-the-iran-deadline/http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/jul/08/ahmad-chalabi-pariah-iraq-prime-minister-bush-us-despairhttp://edition.cnn.com/2014/07/07/opinion/harvey-pregent-iraq-iran/http://rt.com/news/170768-iran-energy-deal-usa/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iraq/10949449/Abu-Bakr-al-Baghdadi-ridiculed-for-flashy-wristwatch.htmlhttp://www.commentarymagazine.com/2014/07/05/is-there-an-antidote-to-irans-regional-strategy/http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/david-ignatius-iran-overplays-its-hand-in-iraq-and-syria/2014/07/03/132e1630-02db-11e4-8572-4b1b969b6322_story.htmlhttp://online.wsj.com/articles/iran-pursues-subtle-strategy-on-iraq-1404507730http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2014/06/30/iraq-haider-al-abadi-isis-iran-airstrikes-unites-states_n_5543252.htmlhttp://blogs.rediff.com/mkbhadrakumar/2014/07/01/iran-preparing-to-vanquish-isil/http://www.cnbc.com/id/101800154http://www.jpost.com/Iranian-Threat/News/Israel-should-ensure-West-keeps-eyes-open-on-Iran-360973%E2%80%8Bhttp://www.theguardian.com/world/iran-blog/2014/jun/27/iran-isis-military-interventionhttp://www.haaretz.com/news/middle-east/.premium-1.601824http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jun/29/iraq-isis-new-alliances-old-enemies-advancehttp://www.bostonglobe.com/opinion/2014/06/27/shouldn-let-iraq-bargaining-chip-with-iran/jgktOqxTh6pMXjGB2pidrN/story.htmlhttp://www.theguardian.com/education/2014/jun/26/iran-students-kaplan-uk-stem-course-block-us-sanctionshttp://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/25/world/middleeast/top-scientist-from-iran-hinders-talks-with-absence.html?_r=0http://www.chicagotribune.com/business/sns-rt-us-hsbc-iran-20140624,0,5438319.storyhttp://www.theguardian.com/football/2014/jun/21/lionel-messi-argentina-iran-world-cuphttp://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iran/10916088/Are-we-opening-the-door-to-a-tyrant-worse-than-Saddam.htmlhttp://www.foxnews.com/world/2014/06/22/iraqi-insurgents-capture-fourth-town-since-friday/http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/irans-role-in-iraq-is-unlikely-to-include-combat/2014/06/20/85795050-305d-4ff3-a821-bdf5269c60bf_story.html?tid=hpModule_04941f10-8a79-11e2-98d9-3012c1cd8d1ehttp://online.wsj.com/articles/iran-could-outsource-its-nuclear-weapons-program-to-north-korea-1403303442?tesla=y&mg=reno64-wsj&url=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702304489104579636271915574660.html&fpid=2,7,121,122,201,401,641,1009http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-27883162http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/the-united-states-should-not-cooperate-with-iran-on-iraq/2014/06/17/f3144b9c-f63e-11e3-a3a5-42be35962a52_story.htmlhttp://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/16/world/middleeast/iran-eases-constraints-on-academic-contacts-with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9 ژوئن 2015