آیا ایران به سمت اجرای قوانین مترقی تر حرکت میکند؟ برخی از تغییرات درون کشور نشان میدهد که تقاضا برای قدرت دادن بیشتر به مردم در حال رشد است. مراجعه به آرای عمومی برای کسب حمایت سیاسی ممکن است جابجایی قدرت را به دنبال داشته باشد. با این حال، برای درک اینکه چرا این ایدهها یک پیشرفت محسوب میشود، بد نیست نگاهی سریع به سیستم سیاسی ایران بیاندازیم.
سیاست ایران از بسیاری از جهات شبیه به بیشتر سیستمهای سیاسی جهان به نظر میرسد. یک رئیسجمهور و نمایندگان مجلس، که قوانین را وضع و اجرا میکنند و مردم، که آنها را انتخاب میکنند. اما دولت ایران لایه دومی هم دارد. در اینجا آیتالله خامنه ای رهبری را در دست دارد که رئیس ارتش در صدر سیاستگذاری و تعیین گرایشات درون کشور است.
این کار سختی است و یک نفر نمیتواند آن را انجام دهد، برای همین رهبری، شورای نگهبان را انتخاب میکند تا بر کار مجلس نظارت کند و کشور را در مسیری هدایت کند که به نظر او مناسب است. همانطور که میبینید با چنین نظارتی بر مجلس جای زیادی برای مخالفت باقی نمیماند.
اما اخیر حسن روحانی رئیسجمهور این کشور خواستار برگزاری همه پرسی برای مسایل مهم شده است. او که در یک کنفرانس صحبت میکرد گفت: “خوب است که پس از ۳۶ سال برای یک بار هم که شده، یا حداقل هر۱۰ سال یک بار این اصل قانون اساسی را اجرا کنیم و مسایل مهم اقتصادی، اجتماعی و فرهنگی را به جای مجلس به رای مستقیم مردم بگذاریم.”
با توجه به اینکه در سال های اخیر جوانان و فرهنگ ایران به میزان قابل توجهی آزاد شدهاند، این پیشنهاد می تواند خطر جدی برای نمایندگان مجلس و رهبر ایران ایجاد کند. شکاف فرهنگی میان افراد زیر سی سال و کسانی که انقلاب را از سر گذراندهاند بسیار زیاد است. منابع نزدیک به دولت با رد این ادعا را که این پیشنهاد جنبه صوری دارد به خبرنگاران گفتهاند، رئیسجمهور به مشکلات سازماندهی همه پرسی کم بها داده است.
حسن روحانی همچنین سال گذشته با ممنوع کردن برخورد با زنان توسط پلیس اخلاقی خبرساز شد.
به نظر میرسد شورای نگهبان با رد قانون جدیدی که مجلس قصد تصویب آن را داشت، میخواهد به صدای مردم گوش کند. این قانون برای تقویت امر به معروف و نهی از منکر در دستور کار قرار گرفته بود. این قانون در صورت تصویب به مقامات اجازه میدهد به زنانی که پوشش اسلامی را رعایت نمیکنند تذکر شفاهی بدهند. کارفرمایان نیز مسئول وضعیت ظاهری کارمندن زن خود خواهند بود و شرکتهایی که کارمندانشان پوشش اسلامی را رعایت نکنند مشمول جریمه خواهند شد.
مقررات پوشش زنان در داخل کشور به میزان زیادی آسان تر شده است. زمانی از زنان انتظار میرفت چادرهای گشاد و سیاه به سر کنند، اما این روزها زنان را میتوان با شلوار جین و کت تنگ و روسری عقب رفته دید. با ظهور سبکهای جدید غربی، مد مردان نیز تغییر زیادی کرده است.
در سال ۲۰۰۹،جنبش سبز، ایران را لرزاند و هزاران نفر از جوانان به خیابانها آمدند و خواستار تغییر شدند. با اینکه روش اعتدال دولت جدید این امید را بوجود آورده که مردم میتوانند دولت را از درون تغییر دهند، اما بسیاری هنوز نگران آن هستند که تا وقتی یک شورای مذهبی زندگی را به آنها دیکته میکند، حرکت به سمت جلو بسیار سخت خواهد بود.
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logy/2014/aug/29/iran-cyber-power-america-networkshttp://online.wsj.com/articles/frances-hollande-considers-inviting-iran-to-proposed-conference-on-jihadists-1409216590http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/30/world/middleeast/us-imposes-sanctions-on-iranian-groups.html?_r=0http://www.aawsat.net/2014/08/article55335874http://www.businessinsider.com/rigid-customs-in-iran-are-pushing-divorce-rates-higher-2014-8http://www.huffingtonpost.com/camelia-entekhabifard/saudi-arabia-accepts-iran_b_5707587.htmlhttp://www.middleeasteye.net/news/iran-670210937http://www.thedailybeast.com/witw/articles/2014/08/22/can-women-in-iran-be-equal.htmlhttp://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iraq/11051663/Douglas-Alexander-Iran-can-help-West-confront-Islamic-State.htmlhttp://breakingenergy.com/2014/08/18/no-iran-deal-is-better-than-any-feasible-deal/http://www.voanews.com/content/iran-influence-baghdad-shia-prime-minister/2417859.htmlhttp://www.hrw.org/news/2014/08/18/iran-dozens-unlawfully-held-city-s-prisonshttp://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2014/08/17/iranianconnected_house_in_toronto_at_centre_of_international_showdown.htmlhttp://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iran/11040245/If-we-have-to-work-with-Iran-to-defeat-the-Islamic-State-so-be-it.htmlhttp://online.wsj.com/articles/un-atomic-agency-chief-to-visit-iran-1408111463http://gulfnews.com/opinions/columnists/urgent-need-for-improved-saudi-iran-relations-1.1372819https://news.vice.com/article/irans-government-is-worried-that-its-people-are-having-the-wrong-kind-of-sexhttp://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/iran-detaining-jason-rezaianhttp://www.ibtimes.com/us-iran-agree-haider-abadi-right-prime-minister-iraq-1656050http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/iran-should-free-my-son/2014/08/11/194022ce-216d-11e4-958c-268a320a60ce_story.htmlhttp://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/aug/11/iran-ban-permanent-contraception-population-growthhttp://www.foxnews.com/world/2014/08/11/iran-christians-flee-to-unlikely-sanctuary-in-bulgaria/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/12/world/middleeast/attacking-obama-policy-hillary-clinton-exposes-different-worldviews.htmlhttp://online.wsj.com/articles/irans-war-on-journalism-1407691990http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/11/world/middleeast/crash-kills-39-reviving-questions-about-iran-built-plane.htmlhttp://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/08/10/a-maple-syrup-mecca-for-iran-s-gays.htmlhttp://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/10/opinion/sunday/ross-douthat-the-right-war.htmlhttp://www.todayszaman.com/anasayfa_deadly-iran-backed-terror-network-tawhid-salam-exposed_355066.htmlhttp://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/aug/09/obama-isis-northern-iraq-kurds-long-term-airdropshttp://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21611117-official-report-blows-lid-secret-world-sex-throwinghttp://online.wsj.com/articles/u-s-nuclear-negotiator-to-resume-talks-with-iran-1407403996?mod=World_newsreel_4http://time.com/3091410/iran-gives-russia-its-best-chance-to-hit-back-against-western-sanctions/http://www.washingtonpost.com/posteverything/wp/2014/08/05/these-people-i-interviewed-in-iran-clearly-loved-the-country-so-why-did-it-put-them-in-jail/http://www.dailystar.com.lb/Opinion/Commentary/2014/Aug-05/266061-how-iran-has-moved-on-a-nuclear-deal.ashx#axzz39VA6gUdOhttp://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/right-turn/wp/2014/08/04/congress-can-change-the-iran-equation/http://fpif.org/iran-short-honeymoon-media-freedom/http://online.wsj.com/articles/german-businesses-warm-to-iran-1407099835http://www.crescent-online.net/2014/08/irans-quds-force-commander-pledges-total-support-for-gaza-resistance-crescent-onlinenet-4570-articles.htmlhttp://blogs.wsj.com/riskandcompliance/2014/07/31/just-a-hint-of-iran-sanctions-risk-stalls-bank-transactions/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/08/03/iran-goods-idUSL6N0Q758F20140803http://www.latimes.com/world/middleeast/la-fg-obama-advisor-iran-nuclear-20140720-story.htmlhttp://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2014/07/20/iran-nuclear-negotiations-sanctions-editorials-debates/12884821/http://online.wsj.com/articles/michael-hayden-and-evan-bayh-a-doubly-dangerous-iran-1405638861http://globalpublicsquare.blogs.cnn.com/2014/07/19/why-its-right-to-keep-talking-to-iran/http://online.wsj.com/articles/sanctions-nearly-halve-iran-oil-export-revenue-in-two-years-opec-says-1405699476?tesla=y&mg=reno64-wsj&url=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702304223004580037300446967496.html&fpid=2,7,121,122,201,401,641,1009http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/fact-checker/wp/2014/07/18/the-claim-that-sanctions-on-iran-have-cost-the-u-s-175-billion-in-lost-exports/?tid=hpModule_f8335a3c-868c-11e2-9d71-f0feafdd1394http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jul/14/iran-nuclear-talks-kerry-zarif-20-july-deadlinehttp://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2014/Jul-16⁄264043-iran-seeks-nuclear-deadline-extension-us-demands-cuts.ashx#axzz37cQEha2ohttp://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/07/14/iran-sanctions-us-cost_n_5585803.htmlhttp://online.wsj.com/articles/kerry-zarif-seek-to-close-gaps-over-iran-nuclear-deal-1405326530?mod=fox_australianhttp://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/15/world/middleeast/iran-outlines-nuclear-deal-accepts-limit.html?_r=0http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jul/13/five-unresolved-issues-iran-nuclear-programme-vienna-talkshttp://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/a-nuclear-deal-with-iran-should-focus-on-stockpiling-fuel-for-research-not-a-bomb/2014/07/10/1389ae36-06e2-11e4-bbf1-cc51275e7f8f_story.htmlhttp://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/09/world/middleeast/iran-sends-3-attack-planes-to-iraqi-government.html?_r=0http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/right-turn/wp/2014/07/07/countdown-to-the-iran-deadline/http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/jul/08/ahmad-chalabi-pariah-iraq-prime-minister-bush-us-despairhttp://edition.cnn.com/2014/07/07/opinion/harvey-pregent-iraq-iran/http://rt.com/news/170768-iran-energy-deal-usa/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iraq/10949449/Abu-Bakr-al-Baghdadi-ridiculed-for-flashy-wristwatch.htmlhttp://www.commentarymagazine.com/2014/07/05/is-there-an-antidote-to-irans-regional-strategy/http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/david-ignatius-iran-overplays-its-hand-in-iraq-and-syria/2014/07/03/132e1630-02db-11e4-8572-4b1b969b6322_story.htmlhttp://online.wsj.com/articles/iran-pursues-subtle-strategy-on-iraq-1404507730http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2014/06/30/iraq-haider-al-abadi-isis-iran-airstrikes-unites-states_n_5543252.htmlhttp://blogs.rediff.com/mkbhadrakumar/2014/07/01/iran-preparing-to-vanquish-isil/http://www.cnbc.com/id/101800154http://www.jpost.com/Iranian-Threat/News/Israel-should-ensure-West-keeps-eyes-open-on-Iran-360973%E2%80%8Bhttp://www.theguardian.com/world/iran-blog/2014/jun/27/iran-isis-military-interventionhttp://www.haaretz.com/news/middle-east/.premium-1.601824http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jun/29/iraq-isis-new-alliances-old-enemies-advancehttp://www.bostonglobe.com/opinion/2014/06/27/shouldn-let-iraq-bargaining-chip-with-iran/jgktOqxTh6pMXjGB2pidrN/story.htmlhttp://www.theguardian.com/education/2014/jun/26/iran-students-kaplan-uk-stem-course-block-us-sanctionshttp://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/25/world/middleeast/top-scientist-from-iran-hinders-talks-with-absence.html?_r=0http://www.chicagotribune.com/business/sns-rt-us-hsbc-iran-20140624,0,5438319.storyhttp://www.theguardian.com/football/2014/jun/21/lionel-messi-argentina-iran-world-cuphttp://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iran/10916088/Are-we-opening-the-door-to-a-tyrant-worse-than-Saddam.htmlhttp://www.foxnews.com/world/2014/06/22/iraqi-insurgents-capture-fourth-town-since-friday/http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/irans-role-in-iraq-is-unlikely-to-include-combat/2014/06/20/85795050-305d-4ff3-a821-bdf5269c60bf_story.html?tid=hpModule_04941f10-8a79-11e2-98d9-3012c1cd8d1ehttp://online.wsj.com/articles/iran-could-outsource-its-nuclear-weapons-program-to-north-korea-1403303442?tesla=y&mg=reno64-wsj&url=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702304489104579636271915574660.html&fpid=2,7,121,122,201,401,641,1009http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-27883162http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/the-united-states-should-not-cooperate-with-iran-on-iraq/2014/06/17/f3144b9c-f63e-11e3-a3a5-42be35962a52_story.htmlhttp://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/16/world/middleeast/iran-eases-constraints-on-academic-contacts-with-west.html?_r=0http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/newsdesk/2014/06/iran-and-the-us-the-enemy-of-my-enemy.htmlhttp://www.thenational.ae/world/middle-east/iranians-still-waiting-for-rouhani-to-deliver-on-promiseshttp://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jun/13/us-iran-fight-jihadis-iraqhttp://www.lobelog.com/us-iran-bilateral-talks-on-the-edge-of-a-nuclear-deal/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/7384e728-ec08-11e3-ab1b-00144feabdc0.html#axzz348Kc0U5hhttp://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jun/07/us-iran-direct-nuclear-talks-genevahttp://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/08/world/middleeast/iran-tehran-offers-incentives-to-middle-class-families-to-have-more-children-as-population-declines.html?_r=0 - 13 ژانویه 2015