با زندانی شدن محمد رضا رحیمی، معاون رئیس جمهور سابق ایران به اتهام فساد و رشوه خواری، مبارزه ایران با فساد ابعاد بی سابقه ای یافته است. با این حکم و چند مورد مشابه دیگر، فساد در ساختار مالی و اداری دولت احمدی نژاد اکنون روشن تر شده است.
رحیمی، که در دولت احمدی نژاد خدمت می کرد، به 5 سال و 91 روز حبس و پرداخت 10 میلیارد ریال جریمه (350 هزار دلار) محکوم شده است. وی ابتدا به 15 سال حبس محکوم شده بود ولی دادگاه عالی کشور مجازات او را تخفیف داد. این پرونده، بعد از پرونده غلامحسین کرباسچی، شهردار تهران در دهه 1990، مربوط به بلند مرتبه ترین مقامی است که به فساد محکوم شده است.
احتمال دارد که این روند در مورد سایر چهره های سیاسی دوران احمدی نژاد هم تکرار شود. همانگونه که نمونه رحیمی نشان داد، مطرح شدن پرونده فساد مقامات بلند پایه معمولا با موجی از درگیری های ناخواسته در ساختار سیاسی همراه است. محکومیت رحیمی ممکن است به محاکمه و خلع صلاحیت تعدادی از نمایندگان مجلس، که گفته شده از شبکه رحیمی رشوه دریافت کرده اند، بیانجامد. دو عضو دیگر این شبکه نیز با اتهاماتی روبرو هستند: بابک زنجانی، تاجری که به جرم فساد اکنون در زندان به سر می برد و سعید مرتضوی، قاضی سابق و رئیس سازمان تامین اجتماعی در دولت احمدی نژاد نیز از مشاغل دولتی خلع و به اتهام فساد محاکمه شد.
نکته آن است که معاملات پشت پرده و بده بستان های سیاسی و کاری در دوران احمدی نژاد ابعاد گسترده ای پیدا کرد، هر چند که قبلا هم وجود داشت. غلامعلی جعفرزاده در ماه مه 2014 گفت ابعاد «فساد آن قدر گسترده است که بیم آن داریم که باعث یک شوک اجتماعی شود.» لذا تقریبا بدیهی است که هر حرکتی در مسیر مقابله با فساد به تنش های سیاسی می انجامد.
علی رغم این خطر، دولت حسن روحانی تلاش های خود را برای مبارزه با فساد اداری و مالی بیشتر کرده است. علاوه بر آن، دولت در دسامبر 2014 کنفرانسی را با حضور مقامات بلند مرتبه تشکیل داد که رئیس سه قوه نیز در آن شرکت داشتند تا به تلاش های مبارزه با فساد جان تازه ای ببخشد. این حرکت از حمایت آیت الله خامنه ای، رهبر ایران هم برخوردار است.
روحانی در این کنفرانس قول داد تمام تلاش خود را برای مبارزه با فساد انجام دهد. او گفت: «ادامه و تعمیق فساد انقلاب اسلامی را به خطر می اندازد.»
این حرکات ابعاد متعددی دارد و نقش نیروهای سیاسی در آن حیاتی است؛ همچنین رقابت برای انتخابات مجلس که در سال 2016 انجام می شود در این امر تعیین کننده است. همه چهره های سیاسی نسخه های خود را برای مبارزه با فساد بیان کرده اند. روحانی ریشه فساد را در نبود شفافیت، قوانین نامناسب و تمرکز قدرت در برخی از مراکز می داند. راه حل او افزایش شفافیت از طریق دولت الکترونیکی، شکستن انحصارات و اصلاح قوانین و بکار گیری جامعه مدنی و رسانه هاست.
علی لاریجانی، رئیس مجلس ایران، راه حل کلیدی را کوچک کردن دولت و تقویت بخش خصوصی و افزایش رقابت می داند.
همه مقامات در باره شفافیت و تقویت بخش خصوصی سخن می گویند. با این وجود آنچه تجارب دهه های گذشته نشان می دهد آن است که بخش خصوصی واقعی در شروع رقابت با بخش عظیم دولتی و سازمان های نیمه دولتی همواره تردید داشته است. کوچک کردن دولت معمولا به گسترش عظیم سازمان های نیمه دولتی انجامیده ، که خود منشا انحصار جدیدی است.
لذا لازم است که دولت بخش خصوصی را قانع کند که این بار راه را برای رقابت واقعی بخش خصوصی باز خواهد کرد. رشد بخش خصوصی از سوی دیگر می تواند اثرات منفی کاهش قیمت نفت و تمدید و ادامه مذاکرات طولانی هسته ای را جبران کند.
ولی بخش خصوصی نگران آن است که مانند دوران های قبل، مبارزه با فساد فقط شامل سطوح پائین و متوسط باشد. با این وجود بحث های سازنده ای در این زمینه به راه افتاده است. غلامحسین شافعی، رئیس اتاق بازرگانی گفته است که برنامه ای برای مبارزه با فساد دارد. رهنمودهای وی عبارتند از: «اصلاح ساختار سیاسی، اصلاح مفاهیم مدیریت، خصوصی سازی واقعی، رشد سازمان های غیر دولتی و جامعه مدنی، تامین استقلال رسانه ها و تدوین ضوابط اخلاقی در بخش دولتی و خصوصی.»
ولی آیا نخبگان سیاسی با این اصلاحات همراه خواهند بود؟ برخی از اصلاحات عملی تر به نظر می رسند، مانند اصلاح قوانین مناقصه های دولتی و افزایش شفافیت. ولی برخی دیگر نظیر اصلاحات سیاسی و آزادی سازمان ها و رسانه ها چالش برانگیزتر به نظر می رسند. لذا در حال حاضر چاره ای نیست جز اینکه فسادهای گذشته برملا شوند و این خود به درگیری جناح های سیاسی دامن می زند.
بنابراین مبارزه اصلی علیه فساد شامل ایجاد راهکارهای قانونی، سیاسی و ساختاری است که از وقوع مجدد آن جلوگیری کند. اکنون باید دید آیا دولت روحانی دارای آن اراده سیاسی برای چنین کاری هست؟ شاید اگر اصلاح طلبان در مجلس آینده اکثریت را به دست گیرند، مبارزه ای جدی تر علیه فساد صورت گیرد. ولی در حال حاضر، مبارزه با فساد ابزاری سیاسی است که خود را بیش از پیش در انتخابات 2016 مجلس نشان خواهد داد.
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l?_r=0http://www.dailystar.com.lb/Opinion/Editorial/2014/Sep-20⁄271302-persian-pretense.ashx#axzz3DwDOsC2mhttp://www.reuters.com/article/2014/09/21/us-iran-nuclear-exclusive-idUSKBN0HG03T20140921http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/us-led-coalition-seeks-to-exclude-iran-from-fight-against-islamic-state/2014/09/13/71193e8a-3b4a-11e4-a023-1d61f7f31a05_story.htmlhttp://www.dailystar.com.lb/Opinion/Commentary/2014/Sep-15⁄270658-irans-culture-wars-still-do-matter.ashx#axzz3DNAxVcwJhttp://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2014/09/11/what-obama-didnt-say-how-iran-fits-into-islamic-state-fight/http://nypost.com/2014/09/11/the-false-allure-of-an-iranian-alliance/http://www.crossmap.com/news/iran-iranian-authorities-raid-a-house-church-in-tehran-two-christian-converts-arrested-12048http://uk.reuters.com/article/2014/09/09/uk-iran-nuclear-usa-idUKKBN0H424420140909http://www.telegraph.co.uk/luxury/travel/44626/john-simpson-iran-is-the-most-charming-country-on-earth.htmlhttp://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/irans-expanding-military-role-in-iraqhttp://blogs.channel4.com/snowblog/iran-begins-emerge-decades-isolation/24539http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/09/06/henry-kissinger-iran-isis_n_5777706.htmlhttp://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/iran-arrests-suspected-nuclear-plant-saboteur-25323907http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/sep/02/sudan-expels-iranian-diplomats-closes-cultural-centreshttp://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/sep/02/sudan-expels-iranian-diplomats-closes-cultural-centreshttp://www.gatestoneinstitute.org/4669/uk-iran-british-shiiteshttp://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/sep/01/iran-widows-memoirs-iran-iraq-warfile:///D:/documents/0kar/sep/Summer%202014%20has%20apparently%20been%20a%20phenomenal%20time%20for%20Iran%20and%20its%20leadership.%20Over%20the%20past%20few%20months%20Lady%20Luck%20seems%20to%20have%20been%20rolling%20both%20the%20political%20and%20the%20financial%20dice%20Iran%E2%80%99s%20way.%20But%20everything%20in%20the%20garden%20is%20not%20quite%20as%20rosy%20as%20it%20appears.http://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/01/world/middleeast/iraq.html?_r=0http://www.voanews.com/content/iran-bolsters-surveillance-of-phone-internet/2432555.htmlhttp://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/aug/29/iran-cyber-power-america-networkshttp://online.wsj.com/articles/frances-hollande-considers-inviting-iran-to-proposed-conference-on-jihadists-1409216590http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/30/world/middleeast/us-imposes-sanctions-on-iranian-groups.html?_r=0http://www.aawsat.net/2014/08/article55335874http://www.businessinsider.com/rigid-customs-in-iran-are-pushing-divorce-rates-higher-2014-8http://www.huffingtonpost.com/camelia-entekhabifard/saudi-arabia-accepts-iran_b_5707587.htmlhttp://www.middleeasteye.net/news/iran-670210937http://www.thedailybeast.com/witw/articles/2014/08/22/can-women-in-iran-be-equal.htmlhttp://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iraq/11051663/Douglas-Alexander-Iran-can-help-West-confront-Islamic-State.htmlhttp://breakingenergy.com/2014/08/18/no-iran-deal-is-better-than-any-feasible-deal/http://www.voanews.com/content/iran-influence-baghdad-shia-prime-minister/2417859.htmlhttp://www.hrw.org/news/2014/08/18/iran-dozens-unlawfully-held-city-s-prisonshttp://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2014/08/17/iranianconnected_house_in_toronto_at_centre_of_international_showdown.htmlhttp://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iran/11040245/If-we-have-to-work-with-Iran-to-defeat-the-Islamic-State-so-be-it.htmlhttp://online.wsj.com/articles/un-atomic-agency-chief-to-visit-iran-1408111463http://gulfnews.com/opinions/columnists/urgent-need-for-improved-saudi-iran-relations-1.1372819https://news.vice.com/article/irans-government-is-worried-that-its-people-are-having-the-wrong-kind-of-sexhttp://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/iran-detaining-jason-rezaianhttp://www.ibtimes.com/us-iran-agree-haider-abadi-right-prime-minister-iraq-1656050http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/iran-should-free-my-son/2014/08/11/194022ce-216d-11e4-958c-268a320a60ce_story.htmlhttp://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/aug/11/iran-ban-permanent-contraception-population-growthhttp://www.foxnews.com/world/2014/08/11/iran-christians-flee-to-unlikely-sanctuary-in-bulgaria/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/12/world/middleeast/attacking-obama-policy-hillary-clinton-exposes-different-worldviews.htmlhttp://online.wsj.com/articles/irans-war-on-journalism-1407691990http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/11/world/middleeast/crash-kills-39-reviving-questions-about-iran-built-plane.htmlhttp://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/08/10/a-maple-syrup-mecca-for-iran-s-gays.htmlhttp://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/10/opinion/sunday/ross-douthat-the-right-war.htmlhttp://www.todayszaman.com/anasayfa_deadly-iran-backed-terror-network-tawhid-salam-exposed_355066.htmlhttp://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/aug/09/obama-isis-northern-iraq-kurds-long-term-airdropshttp://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21611117-official-report-blows-lid-secret-world-sex-throwinghttp://online.wsj.com/articles/u-s-nuclear-negotiator-to-resume-talks-with-iran-1407403996?mod=World_newsreel_4http://time.com/3091410/iran-gives-russia-its-best-chance-to-hit-back-against-western-sanctions/http://www.washingtonpost.com/posteverything/wp/2014/08/05/these-people-i-interviewed-in-iran-clearly-loved-the-country-so-why-did-it-put-them-in-jail/http://www.dailystar.com.lb/Opinion/Commentary/2014/Aug-05/266061-how-iran-has-moved-on-a-nuclear-deal.ashx#axzz39VA6gUdOhttp://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/right-turn/wp/2014/08/04/congress-can-change-the-iran-equation/http://fpif.org/iran-short-honeymoon-media-freedom/http://online.wsj.com/articles/german-businesses-warm-to-iran-1407099835http://www.crescent-online.net/2014/08/irans-quds-force-commander-pledges-total-support-for-gaza-resistance-crescent-onlinenet-4570-articles.htmlhttp://blogs.wsj.com/riskandcompliance/2014/07/31/just-a-hint-of-iran-sanctions-risk-stalls-bank-transactions/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/08/03/iran-goods-idUSL6N0Q758F20140803http://www.latimes.com/world/middleeast/la-fg-obama-advisor-iran-nuclear-20140720-story.htmlhttp://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2014/07/20/iran-nuclear-negotiations-sanctions-editorials-debates/12884821/http://online.wsj.com/articles/michael-hayden-and-evan-bayh-a-doubly-dangerous-iran-1405638861http://globalpublicsquare.blogs.cnn.com/2014/07/19/why-its-right-to-keep-talking-to-iran/http://online.wsj.com/articles/sanctions-nearly-halve-iran-oil-export-revenue-in-two-years-opec-says-1405699476?tesla=y&mg=reno64-wsj&url=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702304223004580037300446967496.html&fpid=2,7,121,122,201,401,641,1009http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/fact-checker/wp/2014/07/18/the-claim-that-sanctions-on-iran-have-cost-the-u-s-175-billion-in-lost-exports/?tid=hpModule_f8335a3c-868c-11e2-9d71-f0feafdd1394http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jul/14/iran-nuclear-talks-kerry-zarif-20-july-deadlinehttp://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2014/Jul-16⁄264043-iran-seeks-nuclear-deadline-extension-us-demands-cuts.ashx#axzz37cQEha2ohttp://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/07/14/iran-sanctions-us-cost_n_5585803.htmlhttp://online.wsj.com/articles/kerry-zarif-seek-to-close-gaps-over-iran-nuclear-deal-1405326530?mod=fox_australianhttp://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/15/world/middleeast/iran-outlines-nuclear-deal-accepts-limit.html?_r=0http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jul/13/five-unresolved-issues-iran-nuclear-programme-vienna-talkshttp://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/a-nuclear-deal-with-iran-should-focus-on-stockpiling-fuel-for-research-not-a-bomb/2014/07/10/1389ae36-06e2-11e4-bbf1-cc51275e7f8f_story.htmlhttp://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/09/world/middleeast/iran-sends-3-attack-planes-to-iraqi-government.html?_r=0http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/right-turn/wp/2014/07/07/countdown-to-the-iran-deadline/http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/jul/08/ahmad-chalabi-pariah-iraq-prime-minister-bush-us-despairhttp://edition.cnn.com/2014/07/07/opinion/harvey-pregent-iraq-iran/http://rt.com/news/170768-iran-energy-deal-usa/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iraq/10949449/Abu-Bakr-al-Baghdadi-ridiculed-for-flashy-wristwatch.htmlhttp://www.commentarymagazine.com/2014/07/05/is-there-an-antidote-to-irans-regional-strategy/http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/david-ignatius-iran-overplays-its-hand-in-iraq-and-syria/2014/07/03/132e1630-02db-11e4-8572-4b1b969b6322_story.htmlhttp://online.wsj.com/articles/iran-pursues-subtle-strategy-on-iraq-1404507730http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2014/06/30/iraq-haider-al-abadi-isis-iran-airstrikes-unites-states_n_5543252.htmlhttp://blogs.rediff.com/mkbhadrakumar/2014/07/01/iran-preparing-to-vanquish-isil/http://www.cnbc.com/id/101800154http://www.jpost.com/Iranian-Threat/News/Israel-should-ensure-West-keeps-eyes-open-on-Iran-360973%E2%80%8Bhttp://www.theguardian.com/world/iran-blog/2014/jun/27/iran-isis-military-interventionhttp://www.haaretz.com/news/middle-east/.premium-1.601824http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jun/29/iraq-isis-new-alliances-old-enemies-advancehttp://www.bostonglobe.com/opinion/2014/06/27/shouldn-let-iraq-bargaining-chip-with-iran/jgktOqxTh6pMXjGB2pidrN/story.htmlhttp://www.theguardian.com/education/2014/jun/26/iran-students-kaplan-uk-stem-course-block-us-sanctionshttp://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/25/world/middleeast/top-scientist-from-iran-hinders-talks-with-absence.html?_r=0http://www.chicagotribune.com/business/sns-rt-us-hsbc-iran-20140624,0,5438319.storyhttp://www.theguardian.com/football/2014/jun/21/lionel-messi-argentina-iran-world-cuphttp://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iran/10916088/Are-we-opening-the-door-to-a-tyrant-worse-than-Saddam.htmlhttp://www.foxnews.com/world/2014/06/22/iraqi-insurgents-capture-fourth-town-since-friday/http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/irans-role-in-iraq-is-unlikely-to-include-combat/2014/06/20/85795050-305d-4ff3-a821-bdf5269c60bf_story.html?tid=hpModule_04941f10-8a79-11e2-98d9-3012c1cd8d1ehttp://online.wsj.com/articles/iran-could-outsource-its-nuclear-weapons-program-to-north-korea-1403303442?tesla=y&mg=reno64-wsj&url=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702304489104579636271915574660.html&fpid=2,7,121,122,201,401,641,1009http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-27883162http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/the-united-states-should-not-cooperate-with-iran-on-iraq/2014/06/17/f3144b9c-f63e-11e3-a3a5-42be35962a52_story.htmlhttp://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/16/world/middleeast/iran-eases-constraints-on-academic-contacts-with-west.html?_r=0http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/newsdesk/2014/06/iran-and-the-us-the-enemy-of-my-enemy.htmlhttp://www.thenational.ae/world/middle-east/iranians-still-waiting-for-rouhani-to-deliver-on-promiseshttp://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jun/13/us-iran-fight-jihadis-iraqhttp://www.lobelog.com/us-iran-bilateral-talks-on-the-edge-of-a-nuclear-deal/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/7384e728-ec08-11e3-ab1b-00144feabdc0.html#axzz348Kc0U5hhttp://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jun/07/us-iran-direct-nuclear-talks-genevahttp://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/08/world/middleeast/iran-tehran-offers-incentives-to-middle-class-families-to-have-more-children-as-population-declines.html?_r=0 17 فوریه 2015