میچ مککانل رهبر اکثریت سنای آمریکا روز سهشنبه گفت، این مجلس هفته آینده در مورد لایحه الزام تایید توافق هستهای ایران توسط کنگره رایگیری خواهد کرد. منتقدان این لایحه، از جمله کاخ سفید هشدار دادهاند که این موضوع میتواند مذاکرات حساس با ایران را بر هم بزند و منجر به جنگ شود.
با نزدیک شدن به مهلت ۳۱ مارس برای تعیین چارچوب توافق، مذاکرات به مراحل پایانی خود رسیده است. اوباما و بسیاری از دموکراتها از قانونگذاران خواستهاند، برای تصویب هرگونه قانونی که میتواند روی مذاکرات تاثیر بگذارد تا ۳۱ مارس صبر کنند. اما برخی از قانونگذاران اصرار دارند کنگره میبایست در مورد شکل توافق نهایی نظر بدهد.
مککانل در مورد تصمیم برای رایگیری هفته آینده به خبرنگاران گفت: “به نظر ما زمانبندی مهم است. اعتقاد داریم این موضوع کمک میکند دولت وارد یک توافق بد نشود. اما اگر اینطور بشود، کنگره فرصت خواهد داشت تا وارد عمل شود… که در مورد اینگونه توافقها همیشه همینطور بوده است.”
این لایحه که توسط، باب کارکر رئیس کمیته روابط خارجی سنا ارائه شده، به کنگره ۶۰ روز زمان میدهد تا توافق را بررسی و آن را رد یا قبول کند. کاخ سفید پیشاپیش تهدید کرده چنین لایحهای را وتو خواهد کرد و اصرار دارد در عین اینکه دستیابی به توافق به هیچوجه قطعی نیست، مذاکرات با ایران در حال پیشرفت است.
خبر سخنان مککانل چند ساعت پس از سخنرانی بنیامین نتانیاهو نخستوزیر اسرائیل در کنگره آمریکا که در اعتراض به توافق دولت اوباما با ایران صورت گرفت منتشر شد. نتانیاهو گفت، این برنامه زیرساختهای هستهای ایران را حفظ خواهد کرد و این کشور میتواند بصورت بالقوه به سلاح هستهای دست یابد و عنوان کرد، تعطیلی فعالیتهای هستهای این کشور به مدت ۱۰ سال بسیار کم است.
اما نقطه ضعف بزرگ سخنرانی نتانیاهو این بود که هیچ راه جایگزینی ارائه نکرد. اصل موضوع هم همین است: اگر مذاکرات بینالمللی شکست بخورد، تنها گزینه باقی مانده برای محدود کردن فعالیتهای هستهای ایران اقدام نظامی است.
مککانل روز سهشنبه این موضوع را رد کرد و گفت: “برخی از دوستان ما در آن طرف و در دولت میگویند انتخاب بین توافق و جنگ است. اینطور نیست، انتخاب بین توافق و تحریمهای سختتر است.”
دموکراتها از همکاران خود خواستهاند بااحتیاط وارد روند مذکرات شوند.
سناتور دموکرات ویپ دیک دربین گفته است: “شکی نیست که سنا و کنگره نقش بزرگی در بسیاری از توافقها، مانند معاهدات ایفا میکند. اما ما در تمام توافقهایی که دولت به آن دست مییابد نقش نداریم. من سعی دارم ببینم آیا خط روشنی برای تشخیص اینگونه توافقها وجود دارد یا خیر.”
آدام شیف، نماینده دموکرات کمیته اطلاعات مجلس نمایندگان میگوید: “من هنوز در مورد دستیابی به توافق و اینکه روحانیون ایران آماده دادن امتیازات لازم باشند بسیار مشکوکم. اما این را بزودی خواهیم فهمید و من همکاران را تشویق میکنم قضاوت خود را به زمانی موکول کنند که بتوانیم بفهمیم یک توافق خوب داریم یا توافق بد، یا اینکه اصلا توافقی داریم یا خیر.”
هری رید، رهبر اقلیت سنا به خبرنگاران گفت، دموکراتها هنگام ناهار روز سهشنبه زمان زیادی را صرف بحث پیرامون ایران کردند و نسبت به اقدام پیش از مهلت 31 مارس هشدار دادند. وی همچنین عنوان کرد، دموکراتها که در هفتههای گذشته سعی کردهاند جلوی جمهوریخواهان را بگیرند، ممکن است برای جلوگیری از رایگیری هفته آینده چیزی در آستین داشته باشند.
رید گفت: “آنطور که من فهمیدهام و امیدوارم [مککانل] هم فهمیده باشد، میگویید میخواهید درباره چیزی بحث کنید که الزاما قرار نیست اتفاق بیفتد.”
در آخرین تحول، سناتور دموکرات تیم کین، از حامیان لایحه کارکر و عضو کمیته روابط خارجی سنا، تصمیم رهبران جمهوریخواه را برای رایگیری، پیش از مناظره و رای کامل کمیته، مورد انتقاد شدید قرار داد. او در بیانیهای گفت: “به اعتقاد من تلاشهای رهبری جمهوریخواه برای بردن این لایحه به صحن سنا، پیش از ارزیابی کامل کمیته، مغایر با منافع پراهمیت و در معرض خطر ماست. همچنین اقدام زودهنگام، بیحرمتی به تلاشهای جاری برای ائتلاف همکاران در حمایت از این لایحه محسوب میشود. کنگره باید در مورد هرگونه توافق با ایران، که تحریمهای تصویب شده توسط ما را تحت تاثیر قرار خواهد داد، نظر بدهد. اما باید نشان بدهیم نظارت ما فکرشده و آگاهانه است، نه عجولانه و حزبی.”
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3 مارس 2015